Figuring out how kids learn with #TeachWithKhan educator Tambra Kascic

Figuring out how kids learn with #TeachWithKhan educator Tambra Kascic In a recent interview, our Teacher Community Program Manager, Aviv, spoke to Tambra Kascic, an #alwaysgrowing educator with a special commitment to figuring out how kids learn and sharing her expertise in the #TeachWithKhan Facebook and Twitter communities.  Aviv at Khan Academy: Can you describe your journey to becoming a teacher?  Tambra:   Before I started teaching, I aspired to work in engineering technologies, and wound up working for a military-based supplier company. This is where I worked on various military equipment during Desert Storm and I got the opportunity to inspect the Atlantis space shuttle windows! I decided to re-attend college at age 48 to complete a degree in secondary education mathematics because I got tired of hearing teens say, “I hate math.” This is where I learned about Khan Academy from a grad student who was teaching a biology lab I was enrolled in.Aviv at Khan Academy:  That’s an incredible journey! How did you address the I-hate-math attitude in your early years of teaching?  Tambra: I first taught in Roane County, a rural farm community with a high need for math teachers and then at South Charleston High School, a school with a diverse population of under-resourced students. I taught classes from conceptual math to AP Calculus and implanted problem/project-based learning in all of my classes, much to the dismay of my fellow teachers. I asked to have the desks in rows and columns removed and found round tables so my students could work together and collaborate. Khan Academy became a tool for my students to use when questioning the process or their answers when they worked to complete problems in the classroom.  Aviv at Khan Academy: Tell me more about how personalized learning fits into your teaching.  Tambra: I decided to work towards my master’s degree in special education to better understand the teaching process for students with special needs. I wanted to use those skills for students who fell through the cracks in the general education classrooms. After receiving my masters, I accepted a position at the same high school to create an engineering program as well as teach the college dual credit classes and AP Calculus. The engineering project was to increase our students in STEM-related courses and careers and to encourage female students to continue in STEM courses. Our current level of 18% female students enrolled in engineering-type courses is well below the national average, and it is my hope to continue to increase this percentage each year. We are on the right track, and have increased our enrollment by almost 400%, have a 3D printing lab, and opened our first chapter of Skills USA for our school!Aviv at Khan Academy: What are your plans for continuing to personalize learning for all students in the future?  Tambra: While my master’s degree addressed many of the questions I had regarding cognitive learning and how it relates to curriculum, I decided to pursue my doctorate in philosophy with a focus on cognition and curriculum psychology in order to design and implement evidence-based interventions to better serve struggling students.  It is my goal to get to the heart of I-hate-math statements and encourage my district to use strategies that change the mindset of students, so they will be more motivated to continue pathways that lead to STEM careers.  I am currently working on a research topic relating to psychology, math and learning struggles of students in general education. Through this process, I have continued to use Khan Academy, going as far as becoming an Ambassador in order to train and encourage other teachers to use this amazing tool.  Aviv at Khan Academy: Thanks so much for sharing your story with us!Tambra: Thank you for the opportunity! Tagged: teachwithkhan

A Long Way Home By Saroo Brierley - 868 Words

Throughout the course of the book, A Long Way Home, Saroo Brierley, the author, encounters a series of traumatic experiences that lead to bittersweet moments. Unlike a normal child’s infancy, Saroo was physically and mentally consuming. Through his experience, we are able to get a glimpse of the many struggles and hardships young children live in India daily. His petrifying experiences of living on the streets, Liluah, and Nava Jeevan finally lead to his safe haven of being taken by the Brierley’s. Having to live on the streets for weeks at the age of five years old could have not been any more difficult, but through this experience, he was able to acquire instinctive survival skills. With this said, it also includes all the times he had to patiently wait for leftover food and crumbs to be dropped for him to get at least a portion of one daily meal. All of the people that he encountered throughout the weeks that he lived on his own became a part of his bittersweet expe rience. For instance, the little girl that he played with in the river or the old man that saved him twice from drowning, once the young girl had left. The little girl was momentary hope and company to Saroo. He had yet to encounter anyone that he could play with, even if it meant just splashing around and not saying a word. Of course, she could not stay forever and in his excitement, he missed an opportunity to go with her and her family when he was having too much fun splashing in the water;Show MoreRelatedThemes In A Long Way Home By Saroo Brierley719 Words   |  3 Pagesagency and adopted by an Australian couple. Although it seems like fiction, it is fact. This remarkable story is Saroo Brierley’s, and his memoir A Long Way Home, tells this miraculous story of his childhood and how he came to find his birth family. Throughout the memoir, Brierley weaves a tale of his hardships and developing his identity. In his memoir A Long Way Home, Saroo Brierley uses the literary d evices of pacing, imagery, and external conflict to illustrate how the hardships one must endureRead MoreThe Importance Of Being A Transculturally Prepared Nurse1274 Words   |  6 Pagesdetail on the Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model. And explains why it is a very important part to take into account in the nursing profession. It ties all these concepts into several situations occurring in the book A Long Way Home by Saroo Brierley. â€Æ' Transcultural Preparedness in Nursing Nursing is a profession that deals with all kinds of patients and by default deals with a vast number of different cultures, values, and morals. Also because it is a profession that deals with illnessRead MoreA Long Way Home Short Story1817 Words   |  8 PagesImagine, twenty five years without knowing if your family is still alive. Twenty five years you have lived away from home. Spending a majority of your life not being able to kiss your mother, nor your siblings. A Long Way Home is an autobiography based on the story of five-year-old Sheru Munshi Khan, who finds himself lost in Calcutta, the capital of India (his country of origin). Sheru had intended that he would just tag along with his brother, Guddu, as he ventured to Khandwa for his work on the

Juvenile Homicide Offenders - 1120 Words

Throughout our world children are looked at as angles. What about the children that are said to be evil? Are they truly evil or is there something that triggers these acts and allows for the belligerence to be seen. Juvenile homicide offenders can be described as anyone under the age of 18 who is responsible for the murder of another human being. Many cases can show different aspects about the child’s brain and the way they may commit such a crime. Carl Newton Mahan, Robert Thompson and John Venable, are three of the youngest offenders in our history. Children’s brains are not fully developed and don’t occupy a full understanding of consequences (Children who kill: personality patterns are identified, New York Times.) The way the system†¦show more content†¦Benedek, The average American parent doesnt need to fear being murdered.(Children who kill: personality patterns are identified, New York Times.) Kids who do not experience remorse for their actions are mentally shortcoming to switch positions with people to see things from their prospective (Children who kill: personality patterns are identified, New York Times.) These same children have a background of assaultive behavior and are unable cope with everyday stress. Juvenile homicide offenders tend to have spent the first year of life in a short staffed institution or with an inadequate mother who may not have provided any psychological sustenance (Children who kill: personality patterns are identified, New York Times.) Those homicide offenders who are sexual confused often carry a weapon to build confidence. These children may have come from homes where the mom wore the pants and the father was shy. These murders tend to be followed through with a derived passion, but are found to be encouraged by a parent. Children tend to engage in more over the top behavior (Why do kids commit murder, Everyday Phycology.) â€Å"Studies show that teenagers do notShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Deli nquency And Its Effects On The Development Of An Individual s Brain1269 Words   |  6 Pagesfamilies are often a part of the background of juvenile homicide offenders. While not the case for all, juveniles convicted of homicide more frequently have criminally violent family members (Darby, Allan, Kashani, Hartke, Reid, 1998) in addition to parental absence. Compared to nonviolent youths, juvenile homicide offenders are twice as likely to have suffered physical abuse at the hands of family members (Darby et al., 1998). When juveniles experience abuse and neglect, they are at riskRead MoreThe Crime Of Juvenile Offenders1256 Words   |  6 Pagesextremely much higher rates in the 2000’s) that portions of juvenile offenders commit most of the chronic, and violent, crimes of juvenile offenders. In a study conducted by Philadelphia birth cohort (Figlio, Wolfgang, Sellin, 1972) found that these â€Å"chronic offenders† (including having five or more police contact acti vities) in whole, constituted six percent of the cohort, and a rising figure of 18 percent of all delinquents. The juvenile offenders were again responsible for the rising of 64 percent ofRead MoreEssay on Life Without Parole for Juveniles956 Words   |  4 Pagesbanned the use of life without parole for juveniles who committed non-homicide crimes, and Roper v. Simmons (2005) abolished the use of the death penalty for juvenile offenders. They both argued that these sentences violated the 8th Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. While these landmark cases made great strides for the rights of minors passing through the criminal justice system, they are just the first steps in creating a juvenile justice system that takes into considerationRead MoreThe Delinquency Is A Symptom Of A Deep Disturbance Of Personality1658 Words   |  7 Pagessymptom of a deep disturbance of personality. Is that profound disturbance which should favor the social rehabilitation: psychot herapy, drug therapy, individualized institutional, etc. Young offenders are not monsters. They are people like many others, who had never committed any criminal act. When the offender is an adolescent or child, a disturbing dissonance between the seriousness of the violation of law and the idea that it is generally the nature of the child or adolescent arises. The adolescentRead MoreWhy Children Choose to Murder1711 Words   |  7 PagesApplegate, B. K. Public Views on Sentencing Juvenile Murderers: The Impact of Offender, Offense, and Perceived Maturity. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 4.1 (2006): 55- 74. Print. Juvenile murderers were on the rise and increase through the mid 1980 to the mid 1990 homicide rates were up. The data showed that homicide rate for juvenile had tripled for those between the age of 14 to 17. The article also discussed the type of punishment for juveniles who commit murder or even attempted murderRead MoreJuvenile Crime : The Criminal Justice System1031 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1990s, violent juvenile crime rates had reached record high levels throughout the United States. During these years, many Americans considered the criminal justice system too easy on violent juvenile offenders and demanded reform. Many states, including Florida began to focus efforts on juvenile crime. â€Å"Florida’s criminal sentencing laws and punishment policies from 1980 to 2000 reflected an ongoing, focused effort to deter serious crimes† (Taylor). Crimes were given stricter sentencing guidelinesRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And Juvenile Delinquency1610 Words   |  7 P agesJuvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is participation in illegal behavior by minors8. A juvenile delinquent in the United States is a person who is typically under the age of 17 and commits an act that otherwise would have been charged as a crime if they were an adult. Depending on the type and severity of the offense committed, it is possible for persons under 18 to be charged and tried as adults. Juvenile crimes can range from status offenses (such as underage smoking), toRead MoreA Research Study On Juvenile Life Without Parole1048 Words   |  5 Pageson a National Institute of Justice study as a Doctoral Research Assistant. Her focus is corrections, juvenile justice, and legal analyses in criminal justice (S.H.S University). In her article, â€Å"Juvenile Life Without Parole,† Spooner addresses the punishment of Juvenile life without parole and questions its constitutionality. She begins with raw numbers, including which states have the most juve nile serving LWOP. Further discussed are the facts that 98% of JLWOP inmates are male, and that black youthRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Tried as Adults in the Justice System644 Words   |  3 PagesShould Juveniles be tried as adults in the Justice System, or should they have to endure the same punishment. Delinquency in the Juvenile Justice system was really low in the 90’s. Crimes committed now by young offenders are getting high since the 90’s. There are an estimated number of young offenders that commit murder and that has increase to 30 percent, According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. â€Å"The Justice Department estimates that about 10 percent of all homicidesRead MoreJuvenile Death Penalty Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Death Penalty One of the most controversial questions in the juvenile justice system today is, Should the death penalty be applied to juveniles?†. A lot of people think that the death penalty for juveniles is cruel and unusual punishment and should only be used for adults. The crimes that juveniles commit are as dangerous and as violent as adult crimes. People argue that the adolescent brain does not mature until the late teens or early twenties, and that death penalty should not be the

This graph shows the traffic going out of Birmingham City Centre using Broad Street Free Essays

This graph shows the traffic going out of Birmingham City Centre using Broad Street. Cars are the main means of transport going out of Birmingham City Centre. Cars start off quite low. We will write a custom essay sample on This graph shows the traffic going out of Birmingham City Centre using Broad Street or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, at 9:00 AM there is an increase of the number of cars going out of Birmingham City Centre. This may be due to a â€Å"rush hour†. However, this only lasts for an hour. Furthermore there is yet another increase of cars going out of Birmingham City Centre at 11:00 AM. This may be due to the fact it’s getting nearer to lunch time. After an hour the decrease happens again. But, at 13:00 AM there is a massive increase of cars. This may be due to leaving after completing their shopping. The amount of cars going out of Birmingham City Centre carries on increasing whilst the day goes on. Vans/mbs start off quite similarly, with the amount of vans/mbs starting off quite low and gradually increasing. The same pattern is shows with the buses. Lorries start off quite high but keep decreasing as the day goes on. Bicycles stay low constantly through the day. This graph shows the traffic going into Birmingham City Centre using Broad Street. Cars are the main vehicles going into Broad Street. We can see this due to the fact that cars have the highest amount of vehicles by looking at the graph. Lorries and bicycles however, have the lowest amount. During the early hours of the day the number of cars starts off quite high with the rush hour being at about 8:00 AM. As the day goes on it starts to decrease. However at around 12:00 PM there is a sudden increase of traffic going into Birmingham City Centre. This may be due to the fact it’s around lunch time. At around 13:00 PM, there is a decline in the amount of traffic going in. Then it begins to rise for an hour up until 14:00 PM, when it starts to decrease again. From 14:00 PM till 17:00 PM the traffic going in carries on decreasing. Buses and vans/mbs stay relatively close together in terms of the amount of each that appears to be going into Broad Street. However, buses show the same type of pattern that cars show. During 8:00AM till 9:00PM the amount of buses is quite high. This is quite similar with the vans/mbs. There is a sudden increase at 13:00PM. However Lorries and bicycles always stay low through the day. This graph shows the passenger car units (PCU) coming into Broad street. PCU stands for passenger car unit. This metric is used to measure the traffic-flow rate on a road such as Broad Street. The graph above is probably the most vital evidence that helps solve my hypothesis. This graph would give me a clear idea of whether Broad Street (a main route into the city) was congested. Using the Government figures the saturation point for a road such as Broad Street is 1522. This meant that when a value was over this, the road was congested. The graph shows that Broad Street was congested throughout the day. At 9:00 AM it’s at its highest (2780), this is peak time in other words. From 11:00 AM onwards, the figures always stayed above 2000 but stayed below 2500. I can say that Broad Street on that day was congested at all times. How to cite This graph shows the traffic going out of Birmingham City Centre using Broad Street, Papers

Ncaa free essay sample

Greer In persuasive speaking there are two styles which are, speech of actuation speech of disposition. I will be informing you the differences between the two speeches. Len the actuation speech Its designed to cause the audience to do or show something also action. Actuation speech Is really particularly useful If only the audience already shares all of your view. An example could be, at the end of presidential campaigns, the candidates begin to focus on convincing their supporters to actually vote.They are seeking to actuate the action of voting through their speeches. Actuate Is a term meaning move to action, such as argument that your grade should be changed. Also you could argue against a outlook Increase. You must be competent In all forms of your speaking such as Informing and convincing. In disposition speeches, its a speech designed to influence listeners disposition toward your topic such as: beliefs, attitudes values. We will write a custom essay sample on Ncaa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The dispositional factors start of with belief, which is something we accept as true or falls even though it has not yet been or cannot be shown true.Second you have attitude which is our tendency to respond favorably or unfavorable to something we like or dislike. Third is values which is a deeply held concept about what is and isnt good, right, and important with regard to conduct and existence. In the actuation speech ; disposition speech, they two has an comparison of action. When using both of the styles of persuasive speeches, your goal is to change your listeners thoughts, attitudes, beliefs(disposition) or behavior(actuation). You must first conduct an audience easement and submit this additional research with your speech.

Organisational Behaviour Job Satisfaction

Organisational Behaviour Job Satisfaction An employee’s degree of contentment in a particular task is referred to as job satisfaction. Various facets of a job may be liked or disliked by an employee. Job satisfaction can also be measured using feelings or cognition of the needs of workers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Behaviour: Job Satisfaction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, employers should put in place strategic employee recognition systems and reasonable reward plans in order to boost job satisfaction. The effects of job satisfaction can be best understood using the EVLN (Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect) model. When an employee leaves a situation, it is referred to as exit. Any change attempt is known as voice. However, patient employees are known to be loyal (Seo, Park, Kim, 2011). Finally, paying minimal attention or reducing work effort amounts to neglect, according to the EVLN theory. Wendy attempted the exit option when she requested for a month’s leave from work due to workplace challenges. She hoped that the situation would normalise in her absence. She also voiced her concerns and grievances through the outburst she created at Tanya’s office door. Tanya responded by neglecting her anger and went ahead with her duties as if everything was normal. It is also apparent that an employee like Freda opted to remain loyal to the nurse manager irrespective of the negative influence created by Wendy at workplace. There are high chances that Wendy may exit the clinic in future, because her ambitions were not met after she failed the interview. She also refused to accept the outcome of the interview. Wendy’s relationship with other employees may be significantly affected in future.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, the poor relationship will impede bot h the quality and quantity of production at the clinic. Tanya should present Wendy’s case to the top management of the clinic and also propose an immediate suspension pending the determination of her case. If the strategy is not taken, patients will not be protected as required. The clinics reputation will also be lowered. Inciting other employees may equally reduce efficiency levels of the workforce (Skarlicki Rupp, 2010). Tanya needs to understand that the motivation of employees is determined my myriads of factors. There is an urgent need for Tanya to use various modalities to motivate employees. The four drive theory states that choices are made based on the four key aspects namely, acquisition, defence, creation and bondage (Ibrahim Dickie, 2010). The theory will allow Tanya to identify Wendy’s drives at workplace. By attempting to satisfy the workforce, she will solve an existing problem. The drive to acquire will assist Tanya to understand how individual emplo yees strive to belong in the workplace. The creation drive will assist Tanya to forge unity and team work at the workplace environment. As much as Wendy has a serious concern at hand, it is important for Tanya to employ the equity theory, since it defines and gauges the relative satisfaction of workers. It is necessary for employees to strike a balance between their input in an organization and the associated benefits. Wendy and other employees can be satisfied using the aforementioned techniques.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Behaviour: Job Satisfaction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The incident clearly showed that Wendy has a strong drive to acquire the status of a nurse manager. Tanya can try to make her useful by requesting her opinion regarding staff management issues so that she can gain a sense of belonging. This will create a harmonious working atmosphere for Tanya (Ibrahim Dickie, 2010) . Tanya should request all employees to offer their best efforts while at work and assure them that any opportunities to advance education or attend a seminar will be granted to them whenever deemed necessary (Tremblay, Blanchard, Taylor, Pelletier, Villeneuve, 2009). The latter approach will obviously motivate the workforce. Tanya should discuss with the management how the reputation of the clinic can be restored in order to satisfy employees’ self-drive to define and ability to defend the corporate culture. Additionally, increasing pay rates based on performance will motivate employees, because remuneration is a major motivating factor. References Ibrahim, E. Dickie, C. (2010). A conceptual model of the human resource climate dimensions that influence the development of workplace relationships. Journal of Research Practice in Human Resource Management, 18(2), 47-60. Seo, Y., Park, S. Kim, C. (2011). An Empirical Study on the Effects of Organisational Cynicism and EVLN R esponses on Organisational Commitment and Pro-union behavioural Intentions. International Journal of Contents, 7(2), 36-41. Skarlicki, D.P. Rupp, D. E. (2010). Dual processing and organisational justice: The role of rational versus experiential processing in third-party reactions to workplace mistreatment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 944-952. Tremblay, M. A., Blanchard, C.M., Taylor, S., Pelletier, L.G. Villeneuve, M. (2009). Work Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Scale: Its value for organisational psychology research. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 41(4), 213-226.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Free sample - Should local sales tax be increased or decreased. translation missing

Should local sales tax be increased or decreased. Should local sales tax be increased or decreasedContent of the problem Currently, taxes added on top of prices of goods or services that are purchased within a country are either being increased or decreased depending on the country. Sale tax is a consumption that is displayed as a percentage of the sale price. It is vital to assess sale taxes in every state, county or municipal level in order to determine the amount that is being taxed and can help in knowing whether to increase or to decrease. The biggest problem with sales tax evaluation is the state-local tax burden due to increasing population and changes in the tax policies is also another area that is supposed to be considered. In the past it was a bit different since most of the states’ population was not so high and thus it was easy to determine whether sales tax be increased or decreased. But as time has moved, this has been witnessed to have taken another different direction and the states’ population must be put into consideration since most of this has to determine the increase or decrease of sale tax in every state (Frederick, 315). Statement of the problem In the today’s world, employment has hit and most of the people graduate and do not get job and thus imposing sales tax on such people may deem to be the biggest problem. The tax imposed on property is also important on the other hand as it helps in ensuring that it is used in curing the budget. This is due to the fact that revenue gotten from corporate net is usually viewed as volatile, especially in cases whereby recession and therefore it will be unworthy to states to lean heavily on it. Even though the income tax increase helps in budget deficit, raising the income tax by even just 5% would lead to a drop on the tax Foundation’s Tax Climate Index. This may also lead to not having lower personal income tax in such regions.   This may also lead to the corporate income tax to drop even further. And also, in increasing the tax of corporate income may set a state an even bigger fall in the future and that is really a demerit. This paper will look at the barriers of sales tax increase and decrease since this is a tool that will in turn help in determining whether to increase or decrease sales tax in any state. This can be done through in co-operating some programs into the scheme of sale tax evaluation system. Research question Given that it is important to determine whether to increase or decrease the sales tax in any given state; there are a number of questions that must be put into consideration. Since sale tax is also important to the government, it is vital for the government to treat those contributing to tax revenue as important figures in the society. This in turn will make not to appear as a burden to those contributing to sale tax (Merriman, 21). Nonetheless, in order to gather the required information regarding sales tax increase or decrease it is vital to address the following questions during the research process: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How imperative is tax reduction or increase to both the government and the citizens? b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are there some economy tax credit programs that can be employed instead of just increasing or decreasing the sales tax and how is it helpful to the common man? c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is the purpose of considering change in tax policy and can this help in tax expenditure justification? d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the cautions for both tax increase and tax decrease?  Ã‚  Ã‚      Significance of the study According to research carried by Arnold in 2004, (228) in both the United States and the whole world at large it is vital not to impose so much tax on the common man as this will have tremendous effect in future, either positive or negative. Even though most citizens suffer from high taxation, it is vital not to increase the sales tax to the common man and impose tax on goods and services rendered internationally. This proposal aims at looking into ways in which sales tax can be imposed without causing any havoc to the common man and thus improves the economy of the country. This must also focus on developing a positive attitude to those imposing tax on property without experiencing state-local tax burden. This is important since it is used to determine how Tax Foundation yearly calculation concerning how heavy the state-local tax burden is for the population in any given state (Rodgers, 229). Objectives of the study Just like any incentive program, it is vital to look at the objectives, basically in numeric terms. This specifically helps in determining the final result such as increasing sales, or purchase by your reseller. Some of the objectives include:    i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obtaining a certain percentage of shares for a new product in its full year. ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increasing the percentage of sales. iii)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase the number of showroom displays in both local and international market. iv)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase the number of people participating in product training programs.      Research Design and Methodology This research study will focus on both the quantitative and qualitative approach since it requires collection of data and carrying out of surveys in relation to the past sales tax estimations and calculations. Another approach will be the descriptive since it will require first hand information from previous research in order to avoid misunderstanding. Finally the research will carry our surveys by interviewing the concerned using semi-structured questioners.   Conclusion It is vital to look at the disadvantages and advantages associated with sales tax increase and decrease. This is likely to help determine which one is the most appropriate option. All in all it is also significant to understand the limitation of the research process since it can be applied as a cautionary measure before deciding on which way to go. It is vital to understand that fiscal problems should not be addressed by tax alone (Arnold, 229).    Work Cited Arnold, Raphaelson, "The Property Tax," in J. Richard Aronson and Eli Schwartz, eds., Management Policies in Local Government Finances, 3rd edition, (2004) p. 229 Frederick, Stocker. "Diversification of the Local Revenue System: Income and Sales Taxes, User Charges, Federal Grants," National Tax Journal, September (2006), p. 315 Merriman, David. The Control of Municipal Budgets: Toward the Effective Design of Tax and Expenditure Limitations. (New York: Quorum Books, (2001), pp. 20-23 Rodgers, James. "Sales Taxes, Income Taxes, and Other Nonproperty Revenues, " in J. Richard Aronson and Eli Schwartz, eds., Management Policies in Local Government Finance, Third Edition (Washington, DC: International City Management Association, (1997), p. 229. Sherwood-Call, "The Labor Tax as an Alternative Revenue Source," Proceedings of the Seventy-Ninth Annual Conference (Columbus, OH: National Tax Association, (2002), pp. 86-93